Vicky's Technical Blog

RAID 5 The minimum number of disks in a RAID 5 set is three (two for data and one for parity).  The maximum number of drives in a RAID 5 set is in theory unlimited, although your storage array is likely to have built-in limits.  However, RAID 5 only protects against a single drive failure . Cited From : http://www.computerweekly.com/answer/RAID-5-recovery-What-is-the-maximum-number-of-physical-drives-in-a-RAID-5-configuration RAID 0+1  vs  RAID 1+0 Got a bit of difficulty of understanding and interpreting this ? Start with the last number it will be easier RAID 0+1  : Mirror of Stripes (Raid 0) RAID 0+1 means arrays implemented as RAID 1, whose elements are RAID 0 arrays. RAID 1+0  : Stripes of Mirrors (Raid 1) A RAID 1+0 array is implemented as RAID 0, whose elements are RAID 1 You can read more on this here : http://blog.open-e.com/what-are-raid-1-raid-10-and-raid-01/

Following article cited from www.csoonline.com website What is the GDPR? GDPR is a regulation that requires businesses to protect the personal data and privacy of EU citizens for transactions that occur within EU member states. The European Parliament adopted the GDPR in April 2016, replacing an outdated data protection directive from 1995. The GDPR also regulates the exportation of personal data outside the EU. And non-compliance could cost companies dearly. Companies that collect data on citizens in European Union (EU) countries will need to comply with strict new rules around protecting customer data by May 25. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is expected to set a new standard for consumer rights regarding their data, but companies will be challenged as they put systems and processes in place to comply. The GDPR leaves much to interpretation. It says that companies must provide a “reasonable” level of protection for personal data, for example, but...

If you get a  Too many connections  error when you try to connect to the  mysqld  server, this means that all available connections are in use by other clients. The number of connections permitted is controlled by the  max_connections  system variable. The default value is 151 to improve performance when MySQL is used with the Apache Web server. (Previously, the default was 100.) If you need to support more connections, you should set a larger value for this variable. Solution provided by user Rob Williams: <?php $link  =  mysql_connect ( "localhost" ,  "mysql_user" ,  "mysql_password" ); if ( mysql_errno () ==  1203 ) {    // 1203 == ER_TOO_MANY_USER_CONNECTIONS (mysqld_error.h)    header ( "Location: http://your.site.com/alternate_page.php" );   exit; } ?> REFERENCE :  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/too-many-connections....

security audits vs vulnerability assessments vs penetration tests vulnerability assessment A vulnerability assessment is a practice used to identify all potential vulnerabilities that could be exploited in an environment. The assessment can be used to evaluate physical security, personnel (testing through  social engineering   and such), or system and network security. Most commercial organizations just want their systems and networks assessed. This means an individual or team runs a scanning tool (Internet System Scanner, Heat, Nessus, etc.). These tools identify running services that typically have vulnerabilities that can be exploited, operating system and application identified vulnerabilities, missing   patches   and hotfixes. The result, depending upon the product, is a long list of every computer system by IP address and their associated vulnerabilities and steps on how to "fix" the vulnerabilities. However, just because something is identified as ...

The following is an extract from veracode official website. When searching for vulnerabilities in websites and web apps, manual web application penetration testing is essential.  Automated penetration testing tools  simply can’t find every flaw – sometimes, it takes the skill and insight of the manual tester to identify complex authorization issues or business logic flaws. Manual web application penetration testing is most effective and cost-efficient when combined with other scanning technologies. Manual testing on its own can be quite expensive and time-consuming, taking weeks to perform a full penetration test. That’s why, when choosing technologies that can deliver state-of-the-art application security, more leading companies today turn to  web app penetration testing  solutions from Veracode. With a full complement of testing solutions built on a leading application security platform, Veracode helps organizations to better protect the software that drives ...

Overview Security and Compliance is a shared responsibility between AWS and the customer. This shared model can help relieve customer’s operational burden as AWS operates, manages and controls the components from the host operating system and virtualization layer down to the physical security of the facilities in which the service operates. The customer assumes responsibility and management of the guest operating system (including updates and security patches), other associated application software as well as the configuration of the AWS provided security group firewall. Customers should carefully consider the services they choose as their responsibilities vary depending on the services used, the integration of those services into their IT environment, and applicable laws and regulations. The nature of this shared responsibility also provides the flexibility and customer control that permits the deployment. As shown in the chart below, this differentiation of responsibility is comm...

Nick Espinosa , cybersecurity expert at Forbes, created 5 crucial laws that "will forever be the immutable universal constants that govern this topic and our existence in relation to it." Law No. 1: If There Is A Vulnerability, It Will Be Exploited From sneaking your way out of a tollbooth for free to derailing a nuclear weapon program, finding ways around everything for (for both good and bad) is so ubiquitous today we've have a term for it, life-hacking. Always consider there will always be those people who will try and hack everything. Law No. 2: Everything Is Vulnerable In Some Way We've always assumed our computers are essentially safe and harmless. At the beginning of 2018, it was revealed that for decades these workhorses have been carrying a  massive vulnerability  that could allow malicious hackers to wreak havoc on all of us. Law No. 3: Humans Trust Even When They Shouldn't Trust is an essential part of the human existence, but it is our gre...

There's more than one way to do it. Three virtues of a programmer Laziness Impatience Hubris Share and Enjoy !

Docker isn't a virtualization methodology. It relies on other tools that actually implement container-based virtualization or operating system level virtualization. For that, Docker was initially using LXC driver, then moved to libcontainer which is now renamed as runc. Docker primarily focuses on automating the deployment of applications inside application containers. Application containers are designed to package and run a single service, whereas system containers are designed to run multiple processes, like virtual machines. So, Docker is considered as a container management or application deployment tool on containerized systems. In order to know how it is different from other virtualizations, let's go through virtualization and its types. Then, it would be easier to understand what's the difference there. Virtualization In its conceived form, it was considered a method of logically dividing mainframes to allow multiple applications to run simultaneously. Howeve...

https://www.schneier.com/essays/archives/2000/04/the_process_of_secur.html

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Denial of Service attacks that bring down popular websites often involve thousands of hacked consumer devices and servers. While these attacks mainly aim to overwhelm the target system with traffic, in order to deny service to legitimate users, bugs at the Application Layer (Layer 7 in the OSI model) can have the same effect. Application Level Denial of Service (L7 DoS) errors are often tough to identify and sometimes even tougher to prevent. This guide aims to highlight the different techniques that will help you find out what to look for and where DoS conditions may occur. Table of Content Random Access Memory (RAM) Recursion Recursive File Inclusion Zip Bombs Billion Laughs Attack Tricking an Application Into Allocating a Huge Amount of Memory Deserialization Vulnerabilities Manipulating File Headers to Allocate Large Memory Chunks Other Reading Infinite Data Streams Central Processing Unit (CPU) Recursion reDoS SQL Injection Wildcard A...

Typically Apache’s RewriteRule sets from mod_rewrite go in  .htaccess  files, but sometimes you have a good reason to put them in your general server config instead: your  httpd.conf  or apache2.conf  file (or a file you  Include  from one of those). If you’ve done this before, you’ve probably been surprised that it didn’t work quite the same. So while this works in .htaccess: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule . /index.php [L] Putting the same thing in your VirtualHost doesn’t work at all: <VirtualHost *:80>     ServerName example .com     DocumentRoot /var/www/ example /     <Directory /var/www/example/>         Allow From All     </Directory>     RewriteEngine On     RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f     RewriteRule ...